Essay on The History of Babylonian Mathematics - 1569 Words

The History of Babylonian Mathematics The history of ancient Babylonia is really long, but this essay is a short and to the point summery of the entire history. The history of Babylonia started near the end of the year 2000 BC, when invaders were attacking the Sumer kingdom. Sumer was a powerful kingdom in the western part of Asia, and it some what occupied what would become Babylonia. After the kingdom of Sumer was destroyed the city-states of Larsa and Isin came into settle on the land once occupied by Sumer. This led to fighting between Larsa and Isin. After hundreds of years of fighting Larsa defeated Isin. But, just as Larsa beat Isin, Hammurabi came to power in the city of Babylonia. Hammurabi went on to defeat Larsa†¦show more content†¦The king also rebuilt the capital, Babylon. But, Babylonia did not hold together after the kings’ death. Nabonidus, the new king, could not seem to keep the Babylonian empire together. Shortly after the end of Nabonidus’s reign, the Persians moved into conquer. Babylonia was defeated and would never rise again. Culture Ancient Babylonian culture is represented mostly through their art. Their art is mostly consists of tablets and pottery with detailed carvings and images of people and their actions. This form of art reflected their every day lifestyles and culture. First there is the representation of the people, men and women. The art of the men make it seem like that they are better than woman. Maybe symbolizing their gender aspects of their time, where women are considered lesser. Many women wanted to fulfill the desires of men. From the list of other art forms, there is the clay plaque of the goddess Lillith. She looks like she is chained to a wall, perhaps in a sacrificial offering. Her arms appear to be raised as a spiritually symbolic element. A variety of animals surround her, which could also be a sacrifice. She is standing on two lambs, which the in the Bible means purity, so she could either be a good pure goddess, or one being offered to become one. Two owls are on each side, may be offering her protection against harm. Since she is a goddess she seems to have wings that could most likely haveShow MoreRelatedThe History of Zero1561 Words   |  6 Pagescalculus, zero has crossed the greatest minds and most diverse borders since it was born many centuries ago. Today, zero is perhaps the most pervasive global symbol known. In the story of zero, something can be made out of nothing† (Downey 1, The history of zero). Zero came from the Latin word zehirum, which comes from the Arbid sife translated from the Hindu sunya meaning empty. The first time zero was used in English language was in 1598. One of the many debates by mathematicians, even in our perspectivesRead MoreThe History of Mathematics Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages What is the meaning of history? 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The history of Babylonia started near the end of the year 2000 BC, when invaders were attacking the Sumer kingdom. Sumer was a powerful kingdom in the western part of Asia, and it some what occupied what would become Babylonia. After the kingdom of Sumer was destroyed the city-states of Larsa and Isin came into settle on the land once occupied by Sumer. ThisRead MoreThe Ancient Inventions Of The Future994 Words   |  4 Pagesin geometry. Or Aristotle, who mad giant leaps in astronomy (also made a theory that the earth was round in about 384 B. C.). therefore, a new era of philosophy was inaugurated and the course of western civilization was decisively shaped. Modern mathematics, Medicine, and cartography was all modernized during this age of philosophy. Without the Greeks, present ideals and the way we live our life would not be the same. So it is important th at we know what the Greeks invented and their power over ourRead MoreRoman Numeral System1511 Words   |  6 Pagesfaculty.swau.edu/mathematics/materialslibrary/roman/ http://www.livescience.com/32052-roman-numerals.html Babylonian Numerals System Origin: The Babylonian Numeral System started about 5,000 years ago. It is one of the oldest numbering systems. The Babylonians used Tables to calculate problems. One of the Babylonian tablets contains the Pythagorean Triples for the equation a^2+b^2+c^2. Nabu – rimanni and Kidinu are two of the only mathematicians from Babylonia. The Babylonians created their symbols

A Simple Life Is A Happy Life - 896 Words

A Simple Life is a Happy Life In Henry David Thoreau’s â€Å"Where I Lived, and What I Lived For,† from Walden, the narrator writes about his journey to go live in the woods for two years to learn everything nature has to offer. He encourages readers to follow their own path and live a life of simplicity. Too often people believe that the more materialistic things they have, the better life they will live. Everyone is so caught up in their possessions, that they do not take the time to fully let the place where they will live captivate them. One should not only be fully drawn to the place where they spend all of our time, but it should leave them filled with joy and positive outlooks on life. He encourages people to give up all but the necessities and find that they were never living before because they were so bounded by all the things of the world. Thoreau argues that a life of simplicity teaches one more about themselves and drives their spirituality more than one co uld imagine. We see this theme of â€Å"living simply† reoccur throughout the story. Thoreau proposes that a simple life surrounded by natural creation is a spiritual journey in itself. He refers to himself as a surveyor and explains that before one should buy a place to live, they have to really explore the place they are planning to invest in. The closest he comes to actually buying a place was at Hollowell Place, until theShow MoreRelatedLiving A Happy And Simple Life761 Words   |  4 PagesDo you think it is possible to live a happy and simple life? It is more than certainly possible to live a life of bliss, even in a world with today’s chaotic means. You do not need to be rich in order to live a luxurious life, you could be the poorest person in the world but also the happiest. Social media is also a very big aspect for humanity when it comes to happiness. As stated in the introduction, you can be the poorest person in the world, yet happier than the richest person. 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Want Answer of These Question Free Essays

BECE 002 Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT For July 2012 and January 2013 Students Course Code: BECE 002 Title of Course: Indian Economic Development: Issues and Perspectives School of Social Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 BECE-002 INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES 2012-13 Dear Student, As per the present pattern of assignments, you will have to do one assignment for this elective course BECE-002. The assignment is of 100 marks which contains 3 sections. Section I contains two questions of 20 marks each; Section II contains four questions of 12 marks each; and Section III contains two questions of 6 marks each. We will write a custom essay sample on Want Answer of These Question or any similar topic only for you Order Now Submission Completed assignments should be submitted to the coordinator of your study center by March 31, 2013 for students admitted in July 2012 cycle and by September 30, 2013 for students admitted in January 2013 cycle. 2 BECE-002 INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES Programme Code: BDP Course Code: BECE-002 Assignment Code: BECE-002/AST/TMA/2012-13 Maximum Marks: 100 Answer all the questions A. Long Answer Questions (word limit-500 words) 2Ãâ€"20=40 marks 1) Discuss the rationale behind the ‘capabilities and human development’ theory propounded by A. K. Sen. 2) Analyse the growth profile of India’s industrial production by ‘use based classification’ over the period 1960-2007. B. Medium Answer Questions (word limit-250 words) 4 x 12=48 marks 1) Discuss the concept of ‘population ageing’. 2) Explain briefly the risks of high fiscal deficit. 3) What are the causes of low productivity in Indian agriculture? 4) Discuss the features of Regional Trading Arrangements (RTAs). C. Short Answer Questions (word limit 100 words) 2Ãâ€"6=12 marks 1) What is meant by ‘work force participation rate’? 2) Write a note on the ‘prevention and protection’ aspect of flood management. 3 How to cite Want Answer of These Question, Essay examples

Nursing Glasgow Coma Scale Over Time

Question: Discuss about the Report for Nursing of Glasgow Coma Scale Over Time. Answer: The essay is about the health condition of Mrs. Rhonda Bott, a 68-year-old lady admitted to the emergency department of the hospital. Her son Paul reported that her mother complained of headache, was unable to lift the right arm and had difficulty in speaking. She was subjected to several physical examination and CT scan. The results of CT scan indicated ischemic stroke and disregarded the presence of hemorrhagic stroke. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the pathophysiology of the patient's condition and plan a treatment regimen for Mrs. Bott on a stroke pathway. It will mainly give a rationale for initial nursing care and treatment procedure patients. Mrs. Botts condition indicated chances of either ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. To confirm the diagnosis, CT scan was done, which finally suggested she has an ischemic stroke. In relation to this diagnosis, it is necessary to know the pathophysiology associated with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Stroke is primarily a heart or blood vessel disease. It primary pathology includes hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart disease, dyslipidemia, and hyperlipidemia (Liebeskind 2013). It symptoms include trouble in speaking, headache, numbness in face or arm, dizziness, watch which was also seen in Mrs. Bott. An ischemic stroke occurs when the blood clotting takes place in the artery linked to the brain and hemorrhagic stroke occurs when blood vessels rupture and bleeds into the surrounding parts of the brain (Hgg et al. 2014). Hemorrhagic stroke comprises 20% of stroke cases, and ischemic stroke comprises 80% of all strokes. A hemorrhagic stroke may occur within the intracerebral reg ion called intracerebral hemorrhage or in the subarachnoid area called an arteriovenous stroke (Robinson et al. 2013). On the other hand, ischemic stroke occurs rapidly as the brain does not store energy substrate glucose and it is incapable of anaerobic metabolism. This condition deprives neuron of necessary substrates (Berkhemer et al. 2015). An intracerebral hemorrhage causes injury to brain tissue by disrupting all the connecting pathways and leading to localized pressure damage In both ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, destructive biochemical substances are released which plays a major role in tissue destruction. It is necessary for patients to be aware the precipitating factors of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The disease can be regulated by preventable and non-preventable risk factors. The non-preventable risk factors of stroke are age, gender, race and ethnicity, while the modifiable risk factor includes incidence of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease among patients family member. The interplay of the risk factor is essential for an understanding of stroke and planning effective stroke prevention programs patients. The disease can be managed by changes in diet, smoking and managing medical conditions like a cerebral aneurysm, obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, etc (Zhang et al. 2013). Mrs. Bott has been admitted to hospital after complaints of a headache, inability to lift arms and difficulty in speaking. To plan out initial nursing care for Mrs. Bott in the first 48 hours a careful examination of her physical condition is necessary. Her BP of 200/110 mg Hg indicates risk of heart attack and hypertension. Glasglow coma scale is useful in determining the level of consciousness in a patient following a brain injury. Mrs. Bott's coma scale is eight which is an indication of severe brain injury (Barker et al. 2014). Severe brain injury has chances of long-term impairments in cognitive, physical and behavioral skills in the patient. She was also observed with right-sided facial droop, and so she could respond verbally. Mrs. Bott ECG report also indicated atrial fibrillation meaning a condition which disrupts heart beat in the individual. Her family history also revealed cases of anterior myocardial infarction due to which her father died at the age of 57 years. For man aging the patient's condition within 48 hours, the nurse would follow protocol leading to rapid intervention by IV administration of the clot-busting drug (Vargas, J., Spiotta, A.M., Turner, R., Chaudry, I. and Turk, A.S., 2015). The nurse should treat her with fibrinolytic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) drugs 4 hours post stroke. It helps in a dissolving blood clot, and this treatment has to be initiated as soon as possible to avoid permanent damage (Kernan et al. 2014). Secondly, maintaining airway, breathing and circulation in the patient will also be a priority for the nurse. After analysis of airway and respiratory signs, the nurse can provide intubation to Mrs. Bott. A nurse will continuously access patient's vital signs, cardiac rhythm, oxygen saturation rate and neurological deficits for the first 24 hours. To decrease the risk of aspiration and improve venous return in patients, the nurse can change the position of head of the bed to 30 degrees. It will pro vide better circulation to the patient. As the patient is hypertensive, she will also be given hypertensive medication (TrialistsCollaboration, 2013). Mrs. Bott's Glasgow coma scale indicated severe brain injury and so thrombolytic is severe for her as it helps restore cerebral blood flow in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It may improve her neurological defects. Thrombolysis or thrombolytic therapy is a treatment procedure to dissolve blood clots formed in the arteries leading to the heart and brain. It involves intravenously injecting clot-dissolving drug by IV line or catheter to deliver it to the site of blockage. A few examples of thrombolytic agents includes Eminase, TNKase, Streptase, etc (Kang et al., 2012). This medication is approved for immediate treatment of patients with heart attacks and ischemic strokes. A blood clot creates a chance of heart attack when part of heart muscle gets damaged due to lack of oxygen being delivered by the blood. Thrombolytics helps stroke patients by dissolving blood clots quickly and helps in restoring blood flow to the heart. It prevents damage to heart muscle and reduces the risk of heart attack. However as the blood flow is not completely normal, additional therapy like angioplasty is also done on individual patients (Strbian et al. 2012). The doctor has decided to prescribe aspirin, frusemide and atorvastatin medication for Mrs. Bott following her stroke. According to American Heart Association and American Stroke Association guideline on secondary prevention of stroke, antiaggregant like aspirin is an effective drug to treat stroke patients (Emedicine.medscape.com 2016). Aspirin is given to relieve pain and inflammation. It is also prescribed to prevent strokes or heart attack. Its benefit is that it avoids blood cells from clumping together, and hence it helps in preventing conditions that lead to heart attack (Halvorsen et al. 2014). The risk of taking aspirin is that it increases the chance of bleeding in the stomach, small intestine, and brain. Taking a high dose of aspirin for longer time damages the layer of the stomach and small intestine and thus leads to bleeding. The gastric mucosal lesion is common in a patient taking a high dose of aspirin (Friberg et al. 2012). However, the benefit of low-dose aspirin th erapy far outweighs the risk involved for some patients. As Mrs. Bott is a hypertensive patient, medication is necessary to reduce her blood pressure and prevent the risk of heart attack. This is the reason for the doctor prescribing furosemide drugs to patients. Although furosemide is used to treat edema in patient with congestive heart failure and kidney disorder, it is also used to treat high blood pressure. Mrs. Boot has no signs of edema, so she has been prescribed this medication mainly to reduce high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure in Mrs. Bott will help to prevent future strokes. It is a loop diuretic pill that helps the body to get rid of extra water and salt by increased urination. However, there are a few side-effects of the drugs such as dizziness, light-headedness, headache and blurred vision. It has a risk of severe dehydration and so serious side-effects like a muscle cramp, fainting, dry mouth, thirst, etc. should be carefully checked in patients (Dunne et al. 2013). Mrs. Bott medication drugs accurately follow A, B, C, D, E pneumonic for heart stroke prevention. A stand for antiaggregant drugs (example-aspirin), B stands for blood pressure lowering medication (Furosemide) and C stands for cholesterol lowering medication which is Atorvastatin drugs (Kernan 2014). Atorvastatin drugs is an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor which reduces bad cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein) and increases good cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein). It will lower the risk of stroke in Mrs. Bott. Common observed side-effects of the drug include Diarhhea, nasopharyngitis and uncommon side effects are a muscle spasm, limb pain, insomnia, wheeziness, liver pain, etc. Therefore doctors should reconsider the dose if the side-effects are severe and it does not subside (Rabar et al. 2014). Mrs. Bott's ECG report indicated atrial fibrillation. It significance lies in the facts that atrial fibrillation is the major cause of ischemic stroke. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the rapid and irregular heart rhythm. It has no symptoms and in occasional cases heart palpitation, shortness of breath and chest pain may occur. The finding of AF in ECG report is significance in the patient because this condition is associated with increased risk of heart failure and stroke. Hypertension is also a risk factor for AF (Sanna et al. 2014). The possible pharmacological intervention of stroke will follow the standard guidelines for preventing stroke. It will comprise medication like anti-aggregates, blood pressure-lowering medication, cholesterol-lowering medication, carotid revascularization, management in diet and exercise (Kidwell et al. 2013). The purpose of three drugs like aspirin, furosemide and atorvastatin has been already mentioned above. To treat atrial fibrillation in Mrs. Bott, antiaggregant (aspirin and clopidogrel) and anticoagulants like (warfarin and rivaroxaban will be beneficial for the patient. These drugs are also approved by FDA to be an effective drug for stroke prevention. Other possible pharmacological intervention that would be appropriate for Mrs. Bott includes recanalization strategies like intravenous IV rtPA administration to establish revascularization (Ciccone et al. 2013). Current medical practice follows four strategies for treatment of ischemic stroke such as prevention of secondary com plication, reperfusion strategy for arterial recanalization, neuroprotective strategies aimed at metabolic targets and inhibition of inflammatory response (Kernan 2014). Neuroprotective drug helps in reducing ischemia related damage of neuronal tissue. However, the majority of patients are not eligible for rtPA because of limited time frame and moderate success rate. From the whole analysis of case study, it can be concluded that Mrs. Bott had high blood pressure, arterial fibrillation and ischemic stroke symptoms. The essay gave detail about the pathophysiology associated with hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. For a better understanding of the condition, detail about risk factors of both types of stroke has been provided. The stroke pathway plan for Mrs. Bott gave detail about initial nursing care for the patient within the first 48 hours. It also explained the significance of thrombolysis in patients. The pharmacological intervention for such patient provides information for current best practice guideline for secondary stroke prevention. Therefore the essay covered all aspects of ischemic stroke and its relevant treatment procedure. Reference Barker, M.D., Whyte, J., Pretz, C.R., Sherer, M., Temkin, N., Hammond, F.M., Saad, Z. and Novack, T., 2014. Application and clinical utility of the Glasgow coma scale over time: A study employing the NIDRR traumatic brain injury model systems database.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation,29(5), pp.400-406. Berkhemer, O.A., Fransen, P.S., Beumer, D., van den Berg, L.A., Lingsma, H.F., Yoo, A.J., Schonewille, W.J., Vos, J.A., Nederkoorn, P.J., Wermer, M.J. and van Walderveen, M.A., 2015. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke.New England Journal of Medicine,372(1), pp.11-20. Ciccone, A., Valvassori, L., Nichelatti, M., Sgoifo, A., Ponzio, M., Sterzi, R. and Boccardi, E., 2013. Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke.New England Journal of Medicine,368(10), pp.904-913. Dunne, S., Shannon, B., Dunne, C. and Cullen, W., 2013. A review of the differences and similarities between generic drugs and their originator counterparts, including economic benefits associated with usage of generic medicines, using Ireland as a case study.BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology,14(1), p.1. Emedicine.medscape.com. (2016).Stroke Prevention: Practice Essentials, Overview, Primary Prevention of Stroke. [online] Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/323662-overview [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. Friberg, L., Rosenqvist, M. and Lip, G.Y., 2012. Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182 678 patients with atrial fibrillation: the Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study.European heart journal,33(12), pp.1500-1510. Hgg, S., Thorn, L.M., Forsblom, C.M., Gordin, D., Saraheimo, M., Tolonen, N., Wadn, J., Liebkind, R., Putaala, J., Tatlisumak, T. and Groop, P.H., 2014. Different risk factor profiles for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Stroke,45(9), pp.2558-2562. Halvorsen, S., Andreotti, F., Jurrin, M., Cattaneo, M., Coccheri, S., Marchioli, R., Morais, J., Verheugt, F.W. and De Caterina, R., 2014. Aspirin therapy in primary cardiovascular disease prevention: a position paper of the European Society of Cardiology working group on thrombosis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,64(3), pp.319-327. Kang, D.W., Kwon, J.Y., Kwon, S.U. and Kim, J.S., 2012. Wakeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ up or unclearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ onset strokes: are they waking up to the world of thrombolysis therapy?.International Journal of Stroke,7(4), pp.311-320. Kernan, W.N., Ovbiagele, B., Black, H.R., Bravata, D.M., Chimowitz, M.I., Ezekowitz, M.D., Fang, M.C., Fisher, M., Furie, K.L., Heck, D.V. and Johnston, S.C.C., 2014. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Stroke,45(7), pp.2160-2236. Kidwell, C.S., Jahan, R., Gornbein, J., Alger, J.R., Nenov, V., Ajani, Z., Feng, L., Meyer, B.C., Olson, S., Schwamm, L.H. and Yoo, A.J., 2013. A trial of imaging selection and endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke.New England Journal of Medicine,368(10), pp.914-923. Liebeskind, D.S., 2013. Trials of endovascular therapies or collaterals?.International Journal of Stroke,8(4), pp.258-259. Rabar, S., Harker, M., OFlynn, N. and Wierzbicki, A.S., 2014. Lipid modification and cardiovascular risk assessment for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of updated NICE guidance. Robinson, S.R., Dang, T.N., Dringen, R. and Bishop, G.M., 2013. Hemin toxicity: a preventable source of brain damage following hemorrhagic stroke.Redox Report. Sanna, T., Diener, H.C., Passman, R.S., Di Lazzaro, V., Bernstein, R.A., Morillo, C.A., Rymer, M.M., Thijs, V., Rogers, T., Beckers, F. and Lindborg, K., 2014. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation.New England Journal of Medicine,370(26), pp.2478-2486. Strbian, D., Meretoja, A., Ahlhelm, F.J., Pitkniemi, J., Lyrer, P., Kaste, M., Engelter, S. and Tatlisumak, T., 2012. Predicting outcome of IV thrombolysistreated ischemic stroke patients The DRAGON score.Neurology,78(6), pp.427-432. TrialistsCollaboration, S.U., 2013. Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,9. Vargas, J., Spiotta, A.M., Turner, R., Chaudry, I. and Turk, A.S., 2015. Neuro-Interventional Management of a Stroke. InEmergency Approaches to Neurosurgical Conditions(pp. 151-155). Springer International Publishing. Zhang, Q., Zhou, Y., Gao, X., Wang, C., Zhang, S., Wang, A., Li, N., Bian, L., Wu, J., Jia, Q. and Wu, S., 2013. Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and the risks of ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke.Stroke,44(9), pp.2451-2456.