knowledge about Solar Power and advantages of using natural energy The WritePass Journal

information about Solar Power and points of interest of utilizing normal vitality Conceptual information about Solar Power and points of interest of utilizing normal vitality AbstractAims and objectivesIntroductionHistory of Solar PowerTypes of Solar PowerSolar thermal:Solar electricity:Advantages of Solar Power:Future of Solar Power: Conclusions:References:Related Conceptual This report is about Solar Power. Peruser would be keen on perusing this report since these days normal vitality is significant and its’ significance expands each day. In report are incorporated favorable circumstances, types, future and history of sun based force. Too peruser will discover data about how sun based warm force functions and what is the capacity of the photovoltaic boards. Additionally there is an examination between Solar Power and different kinds of intensity sources. That will assist you with understanding significance of regular energy.â These days Solar Power isn't as well known, as it will be later on, in light of the fact that establishment of frameworks to get vitality from sun costs a ton. These variables are additionally presented in this work, to appear, that individuals must give more consideration on normal vitality, to diminish cost and take all points of interest of it. Points and destinations This task was intended to produce information about Solar Power and to learn focal points of utilizing common vitality. The goal is to disclose individuals how to familiarize peruser with sunlight based force utilizing models and fascinating realities.  Presentation For a large number of years, individuals have been utilizing sun for basic needs, for example, drying garments and developing food. In any case, just not as much as age prior, individuals have had the option to utilize it for creating power. Greater part of individuals are utilized to utilize petroleum products and are not keen on utilizing new wellsprings of vitality. Be that as it may, they would change their assessments and their propensities after they studied harm made by petroleum products and all the advantages of characteristic materials.  History of Solar Power Numerous purchasers imagines that sun based force is a moderately new force source however that is false. The sun has been known to be a wellspring of vitality going back to old occasions. The old Greek were the first to utilize sun oriented capacity to their advantage, as they incorporated their homes with the side of slopes to exploit the warmth stockpiling from the sun during the day that would then be discharged during the night. The antiquated Romans were the principal individuals to utilize glass windows to take the glow of the sun in their homes. They were so genuine about the protection of this sun powered vitality that they raised glass houses to make the correct conditions to develop plants and seeds. While individuals were profiting by sunlight based force, the principal sun based authority was constructed distinctly in 1776. The gatherer was worked by a man of honor called Horace de Saussare. This innovation pulled in much enthusiasm for mainstream researchers through the nineteenth century. In light of a legitimate concern for utilizing sunlight based force, Auguste Mouchout made a steam motor that was controlled distinctly by sun based vitality in 1861. This was an energizing occasion, however the creation was pricey and it couldn't be repeated or even kept up so the steam motor was immediately overlooked. It was during the later 50% of the 1950’s that sun powered force saw its first standard utilization. The principal sun powered water warmed place of business was worked during this time by a planner named Frank Bridgers. A brief timeframe later a little satellite of the US Vanguard was fueled by a sunlight based cell of short of what one watt. After such large walks in the 1950’s, the sunlight based force truly took off,  because of modest oil costs in the 1960’s, it was increasingly moderate for individuals to control their homes with oil than it was to control their homes or workplaces with sun powered vitality. There was a resurrection of the sun powered force in the 1970’s with the consistently expanded oil costs; in reality the US Department of Energy financed the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program. This program was answerable for the establishment and testing of more than 3,000 photovoltaic frameworks. The 1990’s brought a much more standard enthusiasm for sun based force. Sunlight based force was viewed as an extraordinary choice to oil and oil based commodities. During the 1990’s more than one million homes had some type of sun oriented force introduced. Today, sun powered vitality is one of the most helpful and normally utilized wellspring of vitality everywhere throughout the world. Sorts of Solar Power Sun powered warm: Sun powered warm force is the way toward taking warmth from the sun to produce energy. This sort of sun based warm force is generally introduced in homes to lessen the expense of warming and cooling the dwelling.  In numerous cases sunlight based warm force is utilized to control the high temp water framework in a home. Sun based warm force can be utilized in a uninvolved or dynamic mode.  A detached kind of sun powered warm framework will utilize the convection to circle the water where the dynamic water warmer uses a siphon to flow the water.  Solar warm force is additionally used to control turbines and even some hardware. Sun powered power: Sun powered boards and are utilized to change over daylight into power; this is presumably the most regularly observed sort of sun oriented power.  This power can be utilized to control a wide range of things in a home, for example, appliances. This transformation of daylight into power is done through the photovoltaic boards. Favorable circumstances of Solar Power: The most evident bit of leeway is that sun powered force is a sustainable asset. The sun is accessible the world over and despite the fact that it might go behind mists and it might go down around evening time, the sun is as yet accessible reliably enough to give the force we need. Indeed, the sun gives more vitality than the entire world presently employments! Another magnificent advantage of utilizing sun powered force is that it doesn’t dirty the earth where we live. Sun oriented force isn't related with poisons or nursery gasses like different types of intensity are. Sun based force is the main sort of intensity that isn't unsafe to the earth. An astounding thing about sun based force is that it is free. You don’t need to pay for the sun. In the event that you basically utilize sun based boards or lights you don’t need to pay to run them. You do need to pay for the establishment, however once this is done you get the force for nothing. Furthermore, sun oriented cells don’t require the support and they can last a real existence time so there is moderately little cost related with sunlight based force. Another regularly neglected preferred position of sun based force is that it is a quiet kind force. There is no compelling reason to utilize substantial apparatus, similar to the situation when boring for oil; the sun powered force just depends on the sun, which is quiet. While a great many people don’t consider commotion, when there is a nonappearance of it unexpectedly we understand how uproarious vitality creation at present is. Eventual fate of Solar Power: Sun oriented vitality has been utilized in some structure or another since antiquated occasions yet the sunlight based vitality future stays fully open. The purpose behind this is there are such a large number of factors related with how standard sun powered vitality use becomes.â The greatest main factor of sunlight based vitality later on is its expense. Current pundits of sun oriented vitality express that general coal and other petroleum derivatives are simply considerably more moderate, yet while non-renewable energy sources might be progressively affordable for the time being, the harm on the earth must be thought of!!! Luckily, the expense of sun powered force is descending, which implies that the eventual fate of sun based force is solid. How rapidly sun oriented force is the standard not the special case truly has to do with cost. The more that the administration pushes buyers toward a fossil free future, the more consideration sunlight based force will get and the more endeavors will be made to diminish the expense and increment the creation of sun based force.  Ends: Taking everything into account, the upsides of sun based force are immense and broad. In addition to the fact that this types of intensity advantage the individual and their home, it benefits the condition that we as a whole live in. Sun oriented force couldn't just make vitality costs dive for the whole gang, it could make the earth a superior spot to be over the long haul. References: Miss K. L. Barraclough â€Å"A manual for report composing for first year†, School of building, plan and innovation, The University of Bradford. Mrs Elizabeth Gadd â€Å"An model report† Loughborough University Library, November 2008. darvill.clara.net/altenerg/solar.htm Perlin, John (1999). From Space to Earth (The Story of Solar Electricity). Harvard University Press Halacy, Daniel (1973). The Coming Age of Solar Energy. Harper and Row. Mazria, Edward (1979). The Passive Solar Energy Book. Rondale Press Bolton, James (1977). Sun oriented Power and Fuels. Scholastic Press

Technology And Innovations Impact On The World Essays - Development

Innovation And Innovations Impact On The World In a time where human advancement is taking off at a confounding rate, society must adjust its innovation to fathom current world issues. In this present reality where the Internet, PDAs and scratch pad PCs are turning into a need for regular living, we frequently disregard the individuals who despite everything endure endeavoring to meet their fundamental needs, including clean water, food and medicinal services. It is the ideal opportunity for the created world to utilize their innovation to enable the individuals who to can not support themselves. By utilizing these innovations there will be progresses in clinical administrations, another economy dependent on the Internet, developing data advancements and new techniques for the cultivating and mechanical segments. All the more critically, these innovations will give the instruction and information to these individuals to become prosperous countries that can battle for themselves and accommodate their kin. Moves of innovation from the created world to the creating scene will improve the way of life, increment effectiveness underway and turn into a base for financial development, without this exchange these nations will fall further into destitution and monetary ruin, with little trust in endurance. For the vast majority of the created world, the creating scene isn't something they fret about; they don't see it ordinary and in this way it doesn't exist. This couldn't possibly be more off-base. The creating scene needs assistance yet the created world continually chooses not to see. Our present relationship with innovation may give the response to immature countries issues. The way of life is so low in these nations that our regular comforts are a battle for the whole populace to acquire. In the event that the created countries could meet these base needs, these nations might have the option to conquer their present issues. The primary issue that must be managed is the unsuitable medicinal services and clinical innovation. On the off chance that the created world could send abundance clinical supplies alongside the work force to regulate them, they may figure out how to deal with themselves. In time, the normal ailments that kill thousands in these nations will be leveled out and individuals will begin living longer, more beneficial lives. A subsequent issue is the trading of innovation for farming and industry. Thus, new openings will be made to give pay, while lessening youngster work. As the individuals of these nations begin to construct pay for themselves, the measure of wrongdoing will be decreased as individuals will have the option to bear to meet their fundamental needs. For instance, rather than taking or ask for food or garments, they would have the option to buy them; subsequently lessening wrongdoing and increment monetary development. The contextual analysis of China finished in class, demonstrated that as individuals became taught and more vocation situated, the size of families diminished along these lines decreasing overpopulation. This happens for two principle reasons, individuals won't possess energy for a family and less youngsters are required for the work power. With overpopulation and the pace of normal increment leveled out the way of life in these nations will increment. With only a little kick off from the creating scene, creating nations will encounter a chain response that will build their way of life. This chain will begin with improved medication to build future, trailed by new openings that will bring pay lastly instruction that will decrease overpopulation and wrongdoing. These components coming about because of mechanical exchanges will prompt a general increment in expectation for everyday comforts. In the corporate universe of North America, it has never been simpler to begin a business or organization. Utilizing current innovation such and the Internet and a PC, an individual or gathering of people can become significant players in the present consistently expanding electronic economy. As the general expense of working together drops, it will make the innovation all the more quickly accessible, at a diminished cost(Freund, pg.2) and in this way level the financial playing field. As organizations begin springing up, worked around another data based economy, there will be increasingly more interest for employments. These occupations will give neighborhood laborers a possibility at bringing in some cash and giving a living to themselves and their families. With work on the

Christmas Gift Guide For High School College Students

HomeParentingHigh school to collegeHoliday Gift Guide: 17 Ideas For High School And College StudentsThis page may contain affiliate links.Dec 13, 2019No one ever wants to be thought of as the giver of boring gifts, so check out the selection of gift ideas weve put together for teens and college kids. We think it will automatically raise your gift-giving status. Neighborhood Map Unique gift for anyone who takes pride in where they come from! These prints are made from hand-drawn typography maps and are signed. Various neighborhoods, (and even states) are available for a really special piece of wall decor. PopSocket Little device that’s a workhorse: Secure grips for texting, calling, photos, and selfies. It’s compatible with all smartphones and tablets, and comes in all sorts of attractive patterns. Salomon Beanie with Ponytail Hole Know a gal who loves to wear ponytails, but has a hard time putting a hat on over them? This cap will be perfect (and warm) for her. Punching Bag Laundry Bag Designed to look like a classic punching bag, and big enough to hold a heavyweight load of washing. Crosley Portable Turntable Vinyl is in! A very cool vintage look, but this 3-speed portable turntable has some very modern features, like built-in stereo speakers, auxiliary input, headphone jack and RCA outputs. As an added surprise, throw in a few of your old albums that we know youve been saving all these years, just waiting for a moment like this. Squishable Mini S’more Plush Toy Got a kid with a sweet tooth? Fifteen squishy inches of s’more: This toy might be just right for a comforting squeeze, and its got a lot fewer calories than the real thing. SOCKS Who couldn’t use another pair of socks? The ones we found were extra special. Library Card Socks Guitar Socks I Am Awesome Socks Love Mug Great way to send a memory with every sip of coffee, tea or hot chocolate. Give a colorful mug with photos of friends, family, and pets. Different themes and color schemes are available to help you create a really custom look. GAMES Quelf Billed as â€Å"the ultimate party game,† this is a winner of over 6 awards, including â€Å"Board Game of the Year.† Gloom Fans of the Lemony Snicket series† will love this one that requires you to assume control of the fate of an eccentric family of misfits and misanthropes. Philips Hue LightStrip plus Dimmable Smart Light This smart device allows you to take control of your home lighting wirelessly. With it you can set your lights to power on with the morning sun, gently waking you or to turn on and off as you leave or arrive home.Sync to games, music, and movies for enhanced experiences. Untuckit Shirt These casual men’s shirts are meant to be worn â€Å"untucked,† and have been designed to be just the right length. Jane Austen Tee Fans of Jane Austen and â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† will love this tee shirt that celebrates the â€Å"Obstinate, headstrong girl.† NY Times Subscription â€Å"For the cultured and curious.† All the news that’s fit to print sent right to your student’s mailbox (or inbox). Up to 40% off a New York Times gift subscription + Free Google Home with purchase Join Prime Student FREE Two-Day Shipping for College Students Amazon Prime is FREE for college students for the first six months and then 50% off for a yearly membership. Your college kids will be thrilled with this one! In addition to the standard benefits of being a member, students also get access to exclusive student-focused discounts. These deals are in categories such as school supplies, snacks, dorm furniture, and more. Find out more about all the benefits of Amazon Student Prime. Give the Gift Of Knowledge.

Witches The Weird Sisters - 1011 Words

Have you ever dressed up as a witch or some similar creature for Halloween? Most people have a misconception of what witches really are about. Children believe that witches fly around on brooms casting spells with their wands. Most â€Å"witches† today are centered on comedy. The idea of witches, however, was formed long ago. Back in the days of Shakespeare, witches were quite different. Bubbling cauldrons. Hooded faces. Ancient, wrinkled robes. And supernatural occurrences. These things are what some theorize to be equated with witches. However, some may have been more casual. In William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, three of the main characters are witches: the Weà ¯rd Sisters. One thing that witches all share in common, they possess at least some degree of mystery. Obviously, if three women appeared and began prophesying of things to come, eyebrows would be raised and skepticism would turn its sharp gears. However, as William Shakespeare intended, the three sisters ap pear to exist solely for that reason: to prophesy about things to come. To better understand the function of the witches, they must be put under the magnifying glass and examined. Why do the witches appear to Macbeth? To give him insight to his future. They did this for Banquo as well. In Act 1, Scene 3, Macbeth and Banquo are riding along on their loyal steeds when they stumble upon the sisters. Each of the witches greet Macbeth with great respect by calling him his current title of â€Å"Thane of Glamis†, his futureShow MoreRelatedRole Of Witches In Macbeth1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Wicked Witches of Scotland Throughout history, people have often fought over power and used it to dominate others. There are many forms of power such as physical strength, knowledge, wealth, possessions, and fear. These are simple, mundane powers that people can wield. However, in many religions and some superstitions, people believe in beings who possess supernatural powers. In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth there are such beings, more specifically witches, who have many paranormal capabilitiesRead MorePower And Ambition In Macbeth746 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth, written by William Shakespeare, captures the destructive physical and psychological effects ambition can cause on those seeking power for individual benefit. The play focuses on Macbeth, a heroic Scottish general, who encounters a trio of witches who prophesied that Macbeth will become the King of Scotland. Absorbed in ambition and motivation from his wife, Macbeth does the unthinkable for the Scottish throne – murders King Duncan. Mar king the inception of Macbeth’s murderous and immoral actionsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"valiant† (1.2.24) and â€Å"noble† (1.2.68); however, after his encounter with the witches, his dark side starts to bubble up. As such, the Weird Sisters symbolize the ubiquitous evil that is in the world and present the theme man’s susceptibility to temptation. While the witches do play an essential role in Macbeth’s demise; ultimately, it is his choice to act upon the sinful ways. First of all, the historical significance of the witches directly relates to the time period when the play was written, and theRead More macbeth - fate or free choice Essay702 Words   |  3 Pagesbelieving the witches, or Weird Sisters. Once Macbeth starts to believe the witches, this belief facilitates his decisions to take certain actions. Macbeth’s choice to believe the witches also gives them control over him, which further illustrates how Macbeth’s destiny is fated by his choice to believe them. Throughout the play Macbeth has opportunities to stop believing in the witches, thereby choosing actions that might avoid a harmful fate. It is Macbeth’s free choice to believe the witches or not,Read More The Cause of Macbeths Destruction in William Shakespeares Macbeth1062 Words   |  5 Pagesof darkness to Macbeth? Whose actions led to Macbeths demise? The answer is threefold. The weird sisters set Macbeths fate into motion. Lady Macbeth goaded her husband towards the acts of evil that doomed him. Macbeth himself made the choices that cemented his dreadful end. The weird sisters, Lady Macbeth, and Macbeth himself all served to bring about Macbeths downfall.    The weird sisters where a malevolent trio that were bent on destroying Macbeth. They initiated the series of eventsRead MoreFate : Witches Or Macbeth?1039 Words   |  5 PagesCayde Hamilton Ms. Crowe English IV 11 December 2015 Fate: Witches or Macbeth? Many people in this world would argue that every one has free will, that the choices they make will determine their path in life, but some would argue that everything comes down to fate. People who believe solely on fate believe that their future is already determined, and they can do nothing to change it. According to Oxford Dictionaries, fate is the development of events beyond a person s control, regardedRead MoreFate Vs. Free Will988 Words   |  4 Pagesfate versus free will in the the title character, Macbeth. This internal conflict is sparked and continued by the presence of the witches; three old hags whose primary purpose is presumably to serve evil. The three witches are in control of Macbeth throughout the play by incanting prophecies that ultimately remove Macbeth’s free will. Shakespeare chooses the witches to serve as the stimulant for Macbeth’s unethical downfall because of their notorious reputation. Both the author’s life and the writ ingRead MoreAnalysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth and Its Historical Background1283 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I am going to analyse the play and its historical background. I will also look at the factors that influenced Shakespeare when he was writing the play such as James I, the new king of England and Scotland, how he detested witches, and how Shakespeare manipulated that knowledge. Furthermore, I will be examining the character Macbeth and what his motive to murder King Duncan was, and why he committed all of his evil deeds. Moreover, I shall write about what ShakespeareRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1401 Words   |  6 PagesAndrew, and Maria, resulting in the conviction of Malvolio as a madman. This same pattern can be clearly seen in Macbeth, one of Shakespeare’s most famous works. In Macbeth, the main conflict in the story is brought about through the meddling of three witches, who prophesy that Macbeth has become the thane of Cawdor and will later be crowned as the king of Scotland, positions which Macbeth had never even considered before. After having the position of thane bestowed upon him, Macbeth, totally consumedRead MoreThe Supernatural Elements Displayed in The Tragedy of Macbeth1224 Words   |  5 Pageselements: the nature, ghosts, and the witches are the most significant. People during the Renaissance were very superstitious; consequently, their connection to the events in the lives of humans was only natural for them. As a result, the weather and animals in the play react to the action of Macbeth. The night of Duncan’s death many supernatural elements began to happen. The weather turned for the worse; it was extremely violent, and the earth even shook. Weird events started occurring with the animals

Essay on Crime and Process Model - 889 Words

CJ 2400 Adjudication Process Lesson Four Chapter 5 THE DYNAMICS OF COURTHOUSE JUSTICE 1. Read Chapter 120 - 145. i. Answer question 4 in Critical Thinking Questions on page 145. Answer may vary. Sample answer provided below. â€Å"In Barker v. Wingo, the Court stressed the legitimate reasons for the 16 trial continuances. But is there a danger that prosecutors might illegitimately seek continuances?† Answer: No, I don’t believe there is a danger that prosecutors may illegitimately seek continuances, because yes there is always a grave chance that both the prosecutors and defense attorneys will try to exploit or override the system to their party’s advantage. With this in mind it is required that anyone seeking a†¦show more content†¦Court reform has become a big issue in today’s line of justice because in the criminal courts, defendants accused of crimes but not yet found guilty of anything languish in jails awaiting the lengthy processes of trial while victims of crimes feel deprived of anything approaching equal access to the scope of rights afforded to those accused of crimes. In civil courts, there are allegations that many litigants file frivolous lawsuits, playing liability lottery in hopes of hitting a jackpot whether their claim has merit or not with a resulting outcry from some quarters demanding tort reform by those who would set up barrier s to litigation iii. Read â€Å"Is Gender Bias a Significant Problem in the Courts?† on pages 135-136, and answer the four (4) questions provided toward the end of the article (next to last paragraph). Answers may vary. â€Å"What do you think? Is gender bias a serious problem in the nation’s courthouses? Answer: Yes, I do believe that gender bias is a problem in our nation’s courthouses because as a member of the army I know firsthand what it is and how it belittles the weaker sex. Society cannot actually handle true equal treatment without the natural drive to want to protect the weaker sex.From my research it is proven that 98 percent of most men admit that they feel a drive to protect woman, even if it is not asked of them. I’m sure this is taken intoShow MoreRelatedCrime Control Model And The Due Process Model903 Words   |  4 Pagesin America has two main models, the crime control model and the due process model. There has been several debates on which model is the most effective in combating crime in America. Crime control model emphasizes on crime reduction by increasing prosecution powers (Hung-En, 2006). On the other hand, the due process model of crime control aims at increasing the people’s rights and liberty and limiting governmental powers. Unlike the due process model, the crime control model believes in with an increaseRead MoreCrime Control Model And The Due Process Model1327 Words   |  6 PagesThere are two models of the criminal process. The two model of the criminal process are the crime control model and the due process model. Both of these models are bring used in the criminal justice system. The two models give understanding to the values of the criminal law with that in mind these two modes are not absolute. Herbert Packer articulates the values of the criminal justice process between due process which is emphasis on the right of an individual and crime control model sees the regulationRead MoreThe Crime Control Model And The Due Process Model2122 Words   |  9 PagesHerbert Packer, a Stanford University law professor, developed two models of the criminal justice system (CJS) in the United States, the crime control model and the due process model. This has now been implemented and applied to the CJS of England and Wales and there are several examples of due process and crime control measures which this CJS is made up of. The due process model relies on the underlying principle that an individual cannot be deprived of liberty, property, or even life without appropriateRead MoreCrime Control Model And Due Process Model1823 Words   |  8 PagesThe Crime Control Model and the Due Process Model are very important parts of our criminal justice system. Without both of these models in our system it throws things off balance and causes a lot of problems. Over the past many years our Criminal Justice System has changed and with these changes we have found better ways of keeping our system balanced. In order for our system to continue to stay in balance then the Crime Control Model and Due Process Model need to be used together. The Crime ControlRead MoreCrime Control Model Vs. Due Process Model Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual whom commit crime the crime control model vs. due process model. There has been an ongoing intense debate over which criminal process works best for the United States and its citizens. Should individuals be given the right to be innocent until proven guilty? Or should individuals be placed in jail before being convicted of the crime? Should individual’s rights be thrown out as soon as they are assumed guilty of a crime? Or should individuals keep their rights regardless of a crime committed? AnotherRead MoreDue Process Model versus Crime Control Model Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of models that are found in the English criminal justice system. These are the crime control model and the due process model. They vary in their characteristics and are considered to take divergent objectives. Basing on their evident differences, one of them is actually considered b eing more effective than the other if the new wave and rate of crime being witnessed in the society is anything to go by. This paper therefore seeks to identify some of the differences between these models and pointRead MoreThe Crime Control Model and the due Process Model in The Brothel Boy 576 Words   |  3 Pagesare two main models in the criminal process, the crime control model and the due process model. The crime control model focuses on repression of crime in a speedy and conclusive way. The use of â€Å"presumptions of guilt† speeds the process up because very little evidence is needed against the suspect for them to be considered guilty. In this model, it is believed the laws should be stricter, the police force should be increased, and the sentences should be more intense. The due process model has more stepsRead MoreThe Consensus, Crime Control, and Due Process Models Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesconsists of models and theories that often contradict one anoth er. Of these models are the crime control model, the due process, model, the consensus model and the conflict model. In this paper these models are evaluated and defined, as well as each entity in the criminal justice systems role within each model. Policing, corrections and the court system all subscribe to each model in some way and in a hurried manner in cases that dictate such a response. As described by Erik Luna in the Models of CriminalRead MoreEssay about Comparing the Due Process and Crime Control Model860 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween due process, and crime control model, as well as assessing which one is more effective with stopping crime in today’s world. One of the first things we need to look at is, what is the due process model? It is a model in which there is the assumption that every effort needs to be done to ensure that an innocent person is not convicted of a crime. It adheres to the belief of strict evidence, which means to show beyond a reasonable doubt that the person actually committed the crime, and the chargeRead MoreDue Process1391 Words   |  6 PagesDue Process And Crime Control Models Criminology Essay ukessays.com /essays/criminology/due-process-and-crime-control-models-criminology-essay.php Due Process The basis of the due process model is formal structure. When used correctly, the due process model protects the rights of suspects accused of various crimes. The due process model reduces many errors that occur during the investigation, arrest, evidence gathering, and trial. Due process does not support much of the evidence that is used

Business Law Corporations Act 2001 Section

Question: Describe about the Report for Business Law of Corporations Act 2001 Section. Answer: In order to answer this question, a discussion on the rule of Indoor management is needed. When an employee or authority from a company on behalf of the company, enters into a contract with any outsider, it is considered that the company as a whole is entering into the said contract. A noteworthy case in this regard is Bank of New Zealand v. Fiberi Pty Ltd[1]. The outsider entering into such contracts should keep in mind few points before entering into any contract. This includes knowing whether the person entering into the contract has the actual authority to draw such contract. The authority should be Actual because in cases of Ostensible authority, the validity of the contract can be questioned. To understand the principle of Ostensible authority a reference should also be made to the case of Freeman Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties[2]. The third principle that an outsider should keep in mind is the rule of indoor management. When a person(s) enters into a contract with a company, they enter such contract in good faith. They assume that the person executing the contract on behalf of the company acts within the powers and constitution which apply to them[3]. This assumption covers those factors which an outsider would not be aware of in normal course of business. The outsider assumes that everything has been properly performed and the contract has been legitimately executed by the representative of the company. This is the rule of indoor management[4]. This rule acts as a protection for those person(s) who enter the contract genuinely and who cannot know about any irregularity arising out of the executed contract. The rule of indoor management has two major exceptions. The first exception is that the outsider should not be aware of the irregularity. If a person is aware that there is some irregularity and still, the person enters into the contract, in such a case, the person will not be entitled to any relief. The other exception to this rule covers the inquiry by the outsider. When the outsider raises some question that made the person suspicious about any possible irregularity and such person raises the inquiry for the same, they will not be covered under the rule of indoor management In our present case, Mojo Beverage has placed an advertisement in the local newspaper about a reward on catching Lord Harry (a fish). But the advertisement wrongly quoted the reward amount as $100,000 instead of the actual price money of $ 1,000. The said event was to happen at Lake Tranquil on the Australian Day. Ben was one the persons who read the advertisement and went for the said event. Upon arrival and before catching the fish, he heard a rumor about the price money being quoted wrongly in the newspaper and that the actual price money was $1,000. A representative of the company confirmed that Ben had caught the fish. In this case, Ben claimed that Mojo Beverage owed him the wrongly printed amount. The principle of indoor management would have been applicable in this case since Ben could not know about the right or wrong amount of the price advertised. But, before he could actually do the task mentioned in the advertisement he became aware of the irregularity. This is covered under the exception to the rule of indoor management. Though, on becoming aware about the irregularity, he did not raise an inquiry to the representative of the company. But since he was already covered by one of the exceptions of the rule, the claim for the wrongly printed amount cannot be made. Hence, the contention of Ben is completely wrong. 2.(a) A contract is an offer and acceptance of certain terms that the parties to contract agree upon, for exchange of some consideration[5]. The contract should not cover anything that contradicts the law or which may result in violation of some legislation. Thus, it can be summarized that in order for a contract to be legally binding, there must be an offer[6], an acceptance, a consideration and an intention to enter into the contract. The question arises as to whether an offer is same as an invitation to deal. The main criteria to understand the difference between the two is intent. When the party offers some terms to the other party, an acceptance is required. In case of invitation to deal, the intention of the other party would clarify the acceptance. If the invitation to deal states that any assent would be considered an acceptance, than that would be considered as acceptance. Or it may state that the assent would be considered as further negotiation. This difference could be clarified by referring to the case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots[7]. If the offer states a time frame within which the offer has to be accepted, then any acceptances after the lapse of the said time frame will be deemed ineffective. In case, the time period is not mentioned in for the offer then the acceptance must happen within a reasonable frame of time and beyond that time period, the acceptance becomes ineffective. The acceptance has to be clearly communicated whether verbally or written or even by conduct[8]. A mere mental decision cannot be treated as an acceptance. The acceptance has to be given by the person who received the offer. Any query raised by the party who has received the offer cannot be treated as an acceptance, unless the offer states so. In the present case, Dorper Sheep Seller Pty Ltd (DS) was negotiating a deal with Livestock Brokers (LB). On June 1, DS had sent a letter to LB asking about certain details and also stated that LB replies to those within 14 days. LB replied inquiring some terms. To this, DS did not reply anything. On December 12, LB accepted the offer, at the opening of their business. DS replied by saying that LB was late and that they had started the purchase with a third party and the formalities of that arrangement were to be completed the next day. In this case, the major issue revolves around acceptance. LB has failed to send a clear acceptance to the deal. A clear offer was made by DS which required an acceptance within the time frame of 14 days. LB only raised an inquiry during the given period but failed to accept the offer with the given time. Moreover, they sent the acceptance on 14 December which was six months the mentioned time frame. LB knew they had not sent any acceptance and hence no deal was made. Though this acceptance came at the opening of business of LB, but the time frame of acceptance had lapsed and so, the contention that the business was closed, cannot hold. It was the duty of LB to clearly state the acceptance within 14 days and hence, LB cannot contend this case on any basis. (b) In the second part of this question, LB sends a fax of acceptance on June 14. But, DS did not receive any acceptance due to a transmission error. To answer whether such acceptance would be deemed acceptance, one must consider the famous case of Blackpool Fylde Aero Club v Blackpool Borough Council[9]. In the mentioned case, the council had invited tenders which were to be submitted in a given time frame. Aero Club had submitted these documents but due to an error on part of the Council, it was recorded as to be received as late and the tender of Aero Club was not considered. The Club alleged it as a breach of contract by claiming that the Council should have considered all the tenders which were submitted within the due date. The judge in this case held that if the tenders are submitted by the Club within the time frame and within the procedures required for submission of such tenders, the submission would be considered as timely. The judge also held that the Club had submitted the tender in the given time frame and so they held that the tender would be opened and considered. The delay on part of the Council cannot be blamed upon the Club. Relating this case study to our present case, a submission made by LB on July 14 would be considered as a valid acceptance and LB cannot be held liable for the transmission error by DS. In this case, LB can sue for breach of contract. 3. In situations where the landlord sells his accommodation to someone and there is a tenant in that accommodation, the tenant attains certain rights. It is not necessary that a new rent agreement be drawn in case of a new landlord. As long as both parties (the tenant and the new landlord) agree to the terms of same agreement, the old agreement (between the tenant and the old landlord) can continue. If the new landlord does not wish to rent the property, they have to give a standard notice to vacate[10]. In case of sale of property, the new landlord and the old landlord have to notify to the authorities stating that the property has changed hands[11]. When a tenant is under a fixed term rent agreement (given the time period is under two years), the rent cannot be increased unless and until it is entered in writing[12]. Once it gets over, the agreement becomes periodic or of rolling lease (unless the parties enter into another fixed term rent agreement). The rent gets increased in such agreements. A table depicting time frame after which the rent increases depending upon the region is given at the end (Table 1). In case of a dispute with the landlord, a tenant can apply with the respective authorities. For a dispute in New South Wales region, a tenant can go to NCAT (NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal)[13] for relief. In Victoria region, RTBA (Residential Tenancies Bond Authority), VCAT (Victorian Civil Administrative Tribunal), EOCV (Equal Opportunity Commission Victoria)[14] are applicable. A tenant can request the landlord for a reduction the rent. The landlord may or may not agree to such reduction. In case the landlord agrees to such reduction, it is advisable to get such reduction in writing[15]. In case the property changes hand and the said arrangement is not in written, it cannot be enforced upon the new land owner. Though, an understanding of the same proposal can be reached with the new owner, if they agree. In case a tenant under pays the rent, the landlord can demand such short paid rent. The landlord can use Form 21 (breach notice of nonpayment of rent) or just give the notice in writing. Such short paid rent has to be paid within 14 days of the notice. If the tenant fails to be the arrears, the landlord can issue the notice of termination in form 1A[16]. This agreement acts as an end of the rental agreement and the tenant has to vacate the accommodation in the following 7 days. In present case, the tenant Stuart had a lease agreement for a period of 5 years (at the end of 2010) with Westphalia Marts Pty Ltd (WM). The rent amount was fixed at $1000 a week. In 2013, due to a decline in his business, he asked the landlord to reduce his rent by $300 thereby making the rent as $700. The landlord agreed to the revision in price and started paying the rent of $700. There was no written agreement to give effect to this reduced price. WM decided to sell off the mall (in which Stuart had his shop) in December 2014. In order to make the Malls income look healthy, they asked Stuart to pay the arrears of each month. The question here arises whether Stuart has any relief in this case. Stuart had a written agreement with WM which stated the full amount of rent. Even though both the parties had agreed to a lower amount of rent, a new agreement or a revised agreement was not drawn. There was no written agreement to give effect to the changed rent. And due to this shortfall, Stuart does not have any right to sue. References Australasian Legal Information Institute, Corporations Act 2001 Section 125-129, New South Wales, 2016. Australian Contract Law. Blackpool Flyde Aero Clubv Blackpool Borough Council. Australian Contract Law, 15 August 2016, https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/blackpool.html Carter, J W, Contract law in Australia. 5th edn, LexisNexis Butterworths, Sydney, 2007. Castle, J. Tenants doing it tough. Choice, 24 November 2014, 15 August 2016, https://www.choice.com.au/money/property/renting/articles/rental-rights-you-didnt-know-you-had/ Clarke, P. And Clarke, J. Contract Law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives. 3rd edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, 2016. Department of Commerce. Breaches of tenancy agreement. Government of Australia, Perth, 2014, 15 August 2016 https://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/consumer-protection/breaches-tenancy-agreement Department of Justice. Renting a home: A guide for tenants and landlords, Consumer Affairs Victoria, Melbourne, 2005. Elliot, C. Contract Law. 8th edn, Pearson, London, 2011. Jacobs, C. 4 rules to know when your landlord is selling up. Realestate, 16 September 2014, 15 August 2016, https://www.realestate.com.au/advice/renters-rights-home-sale/ Lai, Katrina. Bank of New Zealand v Fiberi Pty Ltd, Melbourne University Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 1, June 1995, pp. 252-259, retrieved 15 August 2016, APAFT database. Morisson, D. The Continued Role of the Common Law Indoor Management Rule Due Inquiry Exception. University of Queensland, 1996, 15 August 2016, https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:356124/UQ356124_OA.pdf Swarb. Freeman Lockeyer v Buckhurst Park Properties; CA 1964. United Kingdom, 2016, 15 August 2016, https://swarb.co.uk/freeman-lockyer-v-buckhurst-park-properties-ca-1964/ Tenants Rights Factsheet. Sale of rented premises. New South Wales, 2015, 15 August 2016, https://intranet.tenants.org.au/print/fs28.pdf Tenants Union of Victoria. The landlord is selling. Victoria, 2013, 15 August 2016, https://www.tuv.org.au/articles/files/resources/landlord-is-selling-FS-2013.pdf Tenants Union of NSW. Factsheet 28: Sale of rented premises. NSW, 2015, 15 August 2016, https://www.tenants.org.au/factsheet-28-sale-of-rented-premises Thomson Reuters. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Boots Cash Chemists. Westlaw, 1953, 15 August 2016, https://legal.thomsonreuters.com.au/product/AU/files/720502512/pharmaceutical_society_of_great_britian_v_boots_cash_chemists.pdf [1] Lai, Katrina. Bank of New Zealand v Fiberi Pty Ltd, Melbourne University Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 1, June 1995, pp. 252-259, retrieved 15 August 2016, APAFT. [2] [1964] 2 QB 480 [3] Australasian Legal Information Institute, Corporations Act 2001 Section 125-129, New South Wales, 2016. [4] Morisson, D, The Continued Role of the Common Law Indoor Management Rule Due Inquiry Exception, University of Queensland, 1996, retrieved 15 August 2016, https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:356124/UQ356124_OA.pdf. [5] Carter, 2007 [6] Clarke Clarke, 2016 [7] Court of Appeal [1953] 1 QB 401; [1953] EWCA Civ 6; [1953] 1 All ER 482, [1953] 2 WLR 427 [8] Elliot, 2011 [9] Court of Appeal [1990] 3 All ER 25 [10] Jacobs, C. 4 rules to know when your landlord is selling up. Realestate, 16 September 2014, retrieved 15 August 2016, https://www.realestate.com.au/advice/renters-rights-home-sale/ [11] Tenants Union of Victoria, The landlord is selling. Victoria, 2013, retrieved 15 August 2016, https://www.tuv.org.au/articles/files/resources/landlord-is-selling-FS-2013.pdf [12] Castle, J. Tenants doing it tough. Choice, 24 November 2014, retrieved 15 August 2016, https://www.choice.com.au/money/property/renting/articles/rental-rights-you-didnt-know-you-had/ [13] Tenants Rights Factsheet. Sale of rented premises. New South Wales, June 2015, retrieved 15 August 2016, https://intranet.tenants.org.au/print/fs28.pdf [14] Department of Justice. Renting a home: A guide for tenants and landlords, Consumer Affairs Victoria, Melbourne, 2005. [15] Tenants Union of NSW. Factsheet 28: Sale of rented premises. NSW, 2015, retrieved 15 August 2016, https://www.tenants.org.au/factsheet-28-sale-of-rented-premises [16] Department of Commerce. Breaches of tenancy agreement. Government of Australia, Perth, 2014, retrieved 15 August 2016 https://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/consumer-protection/breaches-tenancy-agreement

Spirit On Two Strings free essay sample

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